Growth rates of phytoplankton under fluctuating light

1. The effect of light fluctuations on the growth rates of four species of freshwater phytoplankton was investigated. Experimental light regimes included constant irradiance and fluctuations of a step function form, with equal proportion of high (maximum of 240 mmol photons m s) and low light (minimum of 5 mmol photons m s) (or dark) in a period. Fluctuations of 1, 8 and 24-h periods were imposed over several average irradiances (25, 50, 100 and 120 mmol photons m s). 2. Growth rate responses to fluctuations were species-specific and depended on both the average irradiance and the period of fluctuations. Fluctuations at low average irradiances slightly increased growth rate of the diatom Nitzschia sp. and depressed growth of the cyanobacterium Phormidium luridum and the green alga Sphaerocystis schroeteri compared to a constant irradiance. 3. Fluctuations at higher average irradiance did not have a significant effect on the growth rates of Nitzschia sp. and Sphaerocystis schroeteri (fluctuations around saturating irradiances) and slightly increased the growth rates of the cyanobacteria Anabaena flosaquae and Phormidium luridum (when irradiance fluctuated between limiting and inhibiting levels). 4. In general, the effect of fluctuations tended to be greater when irradiance fluctuated between limiting and saturating or inhibiting levels of a species growth-irradiance curve compared to fluctuations within a single region of the curve. 5. The growth rates of species under fluctuating light could not always be predicted from their growth-irradiance curves obtained under constant irradiance. When fluctuations occur between limiting and saturating or inhibiting irradiances for the alga and when the period of fluctuations is long (greater than 8 h), steady-state growth-irradiance curves may be insufficient to predict growth rates adequately. Consequently, additional data on physiological acclimation, such as changes in photosynthetic parameters, may be required for predictions under non-constant light supply in comparison to constant conditions.